The large number of small cells, together with the growing coexistence of multiple radio access technologies (RATs) like global system for mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), long-term evolution (LTE), etc., leads to an increasing complexity in the operations, administration, and management (OAM) of cellular networks. Different small cell models have been defined for indoor scenarios, such as picocells, i.e., cells with up to 200-m coverage, and femtocells, i.e., cells with coverage in the range of tens of meters and making use of broadband non-dedicated infrastructure, e.g., digital subscriber line (DSL), to connect with the operator’s network. They are also employed to serve high demanding spots (e.g., airports, stadiums, etc.). Small cells are already started to become a common approach to provide coverage indoors (e.g., malls or offices) or to shadowed locations. Small cells consist on low-powered, low-range base stations (BSs) used to cover especially difficult radio locations, as well as to increase network capacity for specific hotspots. For these, the ultra-dense deployment of small cells or DenseNets (with a few tens of meters inter-site distance) will be one of the main approaches used to reach the upcoming coverage and throughput requirements. To achieve the last two objectives, 5G networks are expected to hugely increase network densification. The capabilities of the proposed approach are evaluated in a realistic key scenario, showing the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed location-based approach.Ĭurrent studies on 5G focus on three main objectives: converged fiber-wireless, super-efficient, and super-fast mobile networks. In addition, a root cause analysis of the cell failure is presented. In this context, a novel mechanism to detect sleeping cell issues is proposed, which takes advantage of the recent advances in indoor localization as well as monitoring data obtained by user equipments. New approaches are required to cope with the high level of cell overlapping as well as the huge number of sites to be managed. However, those solutions are unsuitable for the new ultra-dense small cell scenarios that will characterize 5G deployments. This issue has been commonly managed by the centralized analysis of network performance indicators. This problem is often not detectable by the operators, and it could lead to severe degradations in the service provision in the long term. The sleeping cell problem is one of the most critical issues for cellular deployments, consisting in the outage of a cellular station, which, conversely, works properly from the point of view of the monitoring system.
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